Research Summaries

Analysis and Characterization of Mesembrine type Alkaloids obtained from Sceletium tortuosum The South African plant, Sceletium tortuosum, has been found to contain psychoactive alkaloids of the mesembrine class that alter the mental state of humans. These alkaloids work by acting as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s), which in turn enhance the mood of the recipient. This project will involve a method for the extraction and purification of these mesembrine compounds from the milled plant material. To properly separate these compounds, extraction of the compounds will be confirmed using Thin Layer Chromatography, Automated Accelerated Column Chromatography and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

Electrophoretically Mediated Micro-Analysis (EMMA): An Application of Capillary Electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an analytical technique used to separate ions based on their electrophoretic mobility through an applied voltage. Electrophoretically medicated microanalysis (EMMA) is and application of CE used to perform enzyme assays and to determine substrate concentrations by using Michaelis Menten kinetics and the data collected from the experiment. One enzyme system being studied using EMMA involves lactate dehydrogenase with either lactate or pyruvate as a substrate and either NADH or NAD+ as a cofactor. From the CE data obtained, substrate calibration curves will be prepared for use in the future with unknown substrate concentrations.

Separation Projects for Analytical Chemistry and Advanced Lab Utilizing the High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (HPLC/QTOF/MS). Separation projects involving the separation and quantification of various active ingredients found in over the counter analgesics suitable for a one semester analytical chemistry lab or senior level advanced lab are being developed and optimized. These projects will take advantage of our research grade HPLC/QTOF/MS and give exposure of this instrument to our undergraduate students.

Courses Offered at Redlands

• General Chemistry 131, General Chemistry 132
• Analytical Chemistry 330
• Advanced Laboratory 431

Teaching Experience

Professor, University of Redlands 2011-present

Associate Professor, University of Redlands 2005-2011

Assistant Professor, University of Redlands 1999-2005

Adjunct Assistant Professor, Maryville College 1997-1998

Research and Professional Experience:

Research Professor, University of Redlands (sabbatical) Spring 2013

Visiting Research Professor, Louisiana State University (sabbatical), 2005-2006, Sponsor: Dr. S. Douglass Gilman

Analytical Research Associate, University of TN-Knoxville, Summer 2000, Sponsor: Dr. S. Douglass Gilman

Analytical Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Oak Ridge National 1998-1999, Labs, Sponsor: Dr. J. Michael Ramsey

Research Associate, Microbial Insights, Inc./ UT-Knoxville 1996-1997

Quality Control Chemist, Schwarz Pharma 1990-1991

Committee Assignments/ College Responsibilities:

• College Curriculum Committee 2013-2015
• Retention Management Working Group 2010-2014
• College of Arts and Sciences Graduation Requirements Task Force summer 2009
• Faculty Mentoring Committee 2008-2011
• Chair, Chemistry Department 2008-2011
• Registrar Search Committee 2008-2009
• Faculty Review Committee (chair 2007-2008) 2006-2008
• Untenured Faculty Caucus, Convener 2001-2003
• Deans Advisory Committee 2001-2003
• University Council 2001-2003
• Academic Review Board 2000-2002
• Chemistry Search Committees (6 tenure track) 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2015

Grants:

• HEDCO Foundation grant for the purchase of an HPLC/MS system August 2010
• Undergraduate Science Research Grant, Merck/AAAS 2003-2007
• Faculty Research Grant, University of Redlands (2) 2001-2003
• Hewlett Best Unfunded Grant Proposal, University of Redlands, 2000-2001

Service in Professional Organizations:

• Chair, San Gorgonio American Chemical Society Section 2001-2003
• Reviewer, Journal of Chemical Education 1999-present

Membership in Professional Organizations:

• Council on Undergraduate Research
• American Chemical Society
• Phi Lambda Upsilon
• Omicron Delta Kappa

Publications and Presentations:

D. Santeliz, J.L. Krstenanansky, D.P. Schrum, “Analysis and Characterization of Mesembrine type Alkaloids obtained from Sceletium tortuosum”, presented at the 251^st American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 2016.

D. Santeliz, J.L. Krstenanansky, D.P. Schrum, “Isolating Mesembrine Alkaloids from Sceletium tortuosum for Potential Dosage Studies to Determine Candidacy for Inhibition of Serotonin Reuptake Pumps to Treat Depression,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research (SCCUR), Harvey Mudd College, November, 2015.

L. Talbert, D.P. Schrum, “Analysis of b-Amyloid Peptides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS)”, presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research (SCCUR), Whittier College, November, 2013.

R. Picou, D.P. Schrum, G. Ku, R.A. Cerqua, I. Keterpal, S.D. Gilman, “Separation and Detection of Individual Ab Aggregates by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection”, Analytical Biochemistry, 425, 104-112, (2012).

L. Talbert, D.P. Schrum, “Analysis of b-Amyloid Peptides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS)”, presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research (SCCUR), CSU Channel Islands, November, 2012.

L. Hensleigh, D.P. Schrum, “Characterization of Soil Obtained from Joshua Tree National Park”, presented at the PITTCON 2011 meeting, held in Atlanta, GA,March, 2011.

M. Steele, D.P. Schrum, “Analysis of b-Amyloid Peptide Fragments Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease via Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS)”, presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research (SCCUR), Pepperdine University, November, 2010.

L. Hensleigh, D.P. Schrum, “Characterization of Soil from Joshua Tree National Park”, presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, (SCCUR), Pepperdine University, November 2010.

A. Burris, D.P. Schrum, “Separation of Peptides by Open-Tubular Chromatography (OT-CEC)”, presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research (SCCUR), California State University at Dominguez Hills, November, 2009.

N. Grimsley, D.P. Schrum, “Analysis of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, California State University, Los Angeles, November, 2007.

L. Norris, D.P. Schrum, “Comparison of Nitrate and Phosphate Concentrations in the Leaf Tissue of Ceridium Floridum, Acacia gregigii, and Prosopis glanulosa Grown in Soil Extracted from Joshua Tree National Park,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, California State University, Los Angeles, November, 2007.

J. Blauth, D. P. Schrum, T. Harp, H Woolverton, S. Guthrie, J. Garcia, I. Sandri, “Towards Revegetation of a Disturbed Desert Wash Using Native Woody Legumes, Rhizobia, and Arbuscular Mycorrhizas”, Botany & Plant Biology Joint Congress, July 2007.

D.P. Schrum, J. Moses, S. D. Gilman, “Investigations of Amyloid (Ab) Fibrils Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Fluorescence Anisotropy Detection,” presented at the PITTCON 2006 meeting, held in Orlando, FL, March, 2006.

J.R. Blauth, D.P. Schrum, “Service Learning and Field Research at the University of Redlands: Desert Restoration in Joshua Tree National Park”, CUR Quarterly, 26, December (2005) 63-65.

A. Colclesser, D.P. Schrum, “Determination of Essential Plant Nutrient Levels in Joshua Tree National Park,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, University of California-Riverside, November, 2005

D.L. Van Engelen, D.P. Schrum, “Incremental Development from Traditional, Expository Experiments to Guided Group Projects in the General Chemistry Laboratory,” presented at the First-Year Undergraduate Chemistry Education International Conference, held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, May, 2005.

C. McClain, D.P. Schrum, “Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Acrylic Acid) Strong Cation Exchange Ligands in Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography (OT-CEC),” presented at the PITTCON 2005 meeting, held in Orlando, FL, March, 2005.

L. Lutke, H. Mitchell, J. Blauth, D.P. Schrum, “Exploring Restoration in Joshua Tree National Park using Rhizobia and Mycorrhizae,” presented at the Mojave Desert Science Symposium, held at the University of Redlands, Redlands, CA, November, 2004.

T. Emerick, D.P. Schrum, "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Acrylic Acid) Cation-Exchange Ligands for Peptide Separations in Open-Tubular Capillary Electrochromatography (OT-CEC)," presented at the PITTCON 2004 meeting, held in Chicago, IL, March, 2004.

H. Mitchell, J. Blauth, D.P. Schrum, “Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Rhizobia from Woody Legume Root Nodules,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, University of California-Irvine, November, 2003.

H. Mitchell, T. Tschann, J. Blauth, D.P. Schrum, “Re-vegetation of Disturbed Arid Lands Utilizing the Mutualistic Relationships between Woody Legumes, Rhizobia, and Mycorrhizae,” presented at the Southern California Conference on Undergraduate Research, University of California-Irvine, November, 2003.

D.P. Schrum, “Follow the Evidence: Forensic Science at the University of Redlands,” presented to the University of Redlands Faculty Forum, November, 2002.

C. Kruse, D.P. Schrum, "An Investigation of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis Obtained From Documents Under Various Environmental Conditions," presented at the 29^th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Providence, RI, October, 2002.

D.P. Schrum, D. Mueller, "Analysis and Aging Studies of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis," presented at the Ninth National Conference of the Council on Undergraduate Research, Connecticut College, CT, June 2002

D. Mueller, D.P. Schrum." An Investigation of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis Obtained from Documents Under Various Conditions," presented at the Southern California Undergraduate Research Conference in Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Northridge, April, 2002.

D. Mueller, D.P. Schrum, "An Investigation of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis Obtained from Documents Under Various Physical Conditions," presented at the PITTCON 2002 Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 2002.

M. Worthington, D.P. Schrum, "Analysis of Amyloid-b Peptides Using Capillary Electrophoresis", presented at the PITTCON 2002 Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 2002.

D.P. Schrum, "General Chemistry - All Laboratory, All of the Time,'' presented at the Society of Western Analytical Professors meeting, UC-Riverside, Riverside, CA, February, 2002.

D.P. Schrum, D. Mueller, "Analysis of Fountain Pen Inks by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Forensic Science Project," presented at the 221^st American Chemical Society Meeting, San Diego, CA, April, 2001.

D.P. Schrum, M. Worthington, "Analysis of b-A4-Related Peptides, Amyloid Protein Fibrils, and Their Interactions by Capillary Electrophoresis," presented at the 221^st American Chemical Society Meeting, San Diego, CA, April, 2001.

S.D. Gilman, J.L. Pittman, K.F. Schrum, D.P. Schrum, J.Batts, "Studies of Electroosmotic Flow Dynamics", presented at the Pittsburgh Conference, New Orleans, LA, March, 2001.

D.P. Schrum, C.T. Culbertson, S.C. Jacobson, J.M. Ramsey, "Microchip Flow Cytometry Using Electrokinetic Focusing," Anal. Chem., 71, 4173-4177, (1999).

D.P. Schrum, C.T. Culbertson, S.C. Jacobson, J.M. Ramsey, "Microchip Flow Cytometry Using Electrokinetic Focusing," presented at the 12^th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis, Palm Springs, CA, January, 1999.

D.P. Schrum, S. Alugupalli, S.T. Kelly, D.C. White, R. Fayer, "Structural Characterization of a "Signature" Phosphatidylethanalomine as the Major 10-Hydroxy Stearic Acid Containing Lipid of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts," Lipids, Vol. 32, no. 7, 789-793, (1997).

D.C. White, D.B. Ringelberg, S.J. Macnaughton, S. Alugupalli, D.P. Schrum, "Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis for Quantitative Analysis in situ of Environmental Microbial Ecology," ACS Symposium Series, "Application of Molecular Markers in Environmental Geochemistry," 671, 22-34, (1997), R. Eagenhouse, editor.

D.C. White, S. Alugupalli, D.P. Schrum, S.J. Macnaughton, S.T. Kelly, M.K. M.K., R. Fayer, E.S. Kaneshiro, M.R. Cranfield, M.L. Williams, T.K. Graczyk, "Sensitive Quantitative Detection/Identification of Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis;" presented at the 5^th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP) and 5^th General Meeting of the European Concerted Action on Pneumocystis Research, Lille,France, September, 1997.

D.P. Schrum, K. Smith, D.C. White, "Increased Sensitivity and Detection Limits for Nitro Containing Explosives by On-column HPLC Reductions and ESI/APCI MS," presented at the 45^th American Society for Mass Spectrometry Conference on Mass Spectrometry, Palm Springs, CA, June, 1997.

D.C. White, S. Alugupalli, D.P. Schrum, S.T. Kelly, M.K. Sikka, R. Fayer, E.S. Kaneshiro, "Sensitive Quantitative Detection/Identification of Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Signature Lipid Biomarker Analysis;" Published in the proceedings from the International Symposium on water-borne Cryptosporidium, Newport Beach, CA, March, 1997.

*Bold faced type denotes undergraduate research students

Workshop Participation:

Forensic Science Workshop, sponsored by the Center for Workshops in the Chemical Sciences, National Science Foundation, held at Williams College, Williamstown, MA, June 23-28, 2002.

Proposal Writing Institute, sponsored by the Council on Undergraduate Research, held at Juniata College, Juniata, PA, July 13-17, 2002.

Conference Sessions Organized:

Education in Analytical Chemistry Sessions, which occurred at the 29^th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry & Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS), Providence, RI, October, 2002.

Conference Program Sessions, which occurred at the Society of Western Analytical Professors (SWAP) annual meeting, Cal State University–Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, March, 2003.