Introduction to the study of the diversity of living organisms and how organisms meet the challenges faced by all living things. Laboratory work emphasizes quantitative data collection and analysis while introducing students to biological diversity and physiological techniques.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131.

Introduction to the study of life including molecules and biological processes, the structure of cells, and molecular and transmission genetics. Laboratory work emphasizes biochemical and genetic techniques, data collection and analysis. 
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 or by permission.

An introduction to ecology, including populations and their environments. The course will provide an introduction to the study of animal behavior and the topic of conservation. Laboratory work will include field trips to biological communities of Southern California and the collection and analysis of quantitative data.
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

This course emphasizes the importance of molecular genetics in contemporary biology. Patterns of inheritance, gene structure and function, and techniques using recombinant DNA technology will be emphasized. Laboratory includes classical genetic analysis as well as molecular and biochemical techniques. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

Recent advances in biology presented in a seminar format by Redlands faculty, seniors, and visiting scholars.
Credit/no credit only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

Introduction to chemistry, including properties, structure, and reactivity of atoms and molecules, with concurrent laboratory. First semester covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure, stoichiometry, aqueous reactions, states of matter, molecular structure and bonding, and thermochemistry. Second semester emphasizes group projects in equilibrium, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, inorganic synthesis, and spectroscopy. Fall: four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Spring: seven hours laboratory and group learning.
Prerequisite: Placement into MATH 118 or higher or prerequisite or corequisite of MATH 002L or MATH 111 higher math course or permission of chemistry department.
Corequisite: CHEM 131L.

Introduction to chemistry, including properties, structure, and reactivity of atoms and molecules, with concurrent laboratory. First semester covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure, stoichiometry, aqueous reactions, states of matter, molecular structure and bonding, and thermochemistry. Second semester emphasizes group projects in equilibrium, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, inorganic synthesis, and spectroscopy. Fall: four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Spring: seven hours laboratory and group learning.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 with a minimum grade of 2.0 or higher or by permission.

Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds; their structure, nomenclature, physical properties, spectroscopy (IR, GC-MS, NMR), stereochemistry, chemical reactivities, mechanisms of reaction, and synthesis. Four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite for CHEM 231: Grade of 2.0 or higher in CHEM 132.

Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds; their structure, nomenclature, physical properties, spectroscopy (IR, GC-MS, NMR), stereochemistry, chemical reactivities, mechanisms of reaction, and synthesis. Four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite for CHEM 232: CHEM 231.

For students whose programs require calculus but who, based on their background and placement examination scores, are not prepared for MATH 121. Topics from precalculus include properties of linear, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; and compositions, transformations, and inverses of these functions. Calculus topics include successive approximation and limits of functions; local linearity and differentiation; applications of differentiation to graphing and optimization; and the definite integral, antiderivatives, and differential equations.
Prerequisite: MATH 002L or Math Placement at MATH 118 level or by permission.

For students whose programs require calculus but who, based on their background and placement examination scores, are not prepared for MATH 121. Topics from precalculus include properties of linear, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; and compositions, transformations, and inverses of these functions. Calculus topics include successive approximation and limits of functions; local linearity and differentiation; applications of differentiation to graphing and optimization; and the definite integral, antiderivatives, and differential equations.
Prerequisite: MATH 118 or by permission.

Functions and their graphs; successive approximation and limits; local linearity and differentiation; applications of differentiation to graphing and optimization; and the definite integral, antiderivatives, and differential equations. 
Prerequisite: Permission based on Mathematics Placement Exam. 

Descriptive and inferential statistics for students from diverse fields. Distribution, correlation, probability, hypothesis testing, use of tables, and examination of the misuse of statistics and relation of statistics to vital aspects of life. Computer packages used as tools throughout the course.

Riemann sums and the definite integral; techniques of integration and application of integrals; introduction to differential equation; sequences and series. 
Prerequisite: MATH 121 or MATH 119 or by permission.

Introduction to the use of descriptive and inferential statistics in the collection of data and the interpretation of research in psychology and education. 
Prerequisite: PSYC 100 or by permission.

Principles of hypothesis development and testing, strategies for making controlled comparisons, principles of statistical inference, and tests of statistical significance. Development and testing of important research questions using such prominent data sets as the General Social Survey and the National Election Series.

Introduction to Newtonian mechanics, fluids, and thermodynamics. Includes lecture and laboratory components. Expects competency in high school algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

Introduction to oscillations, waves, electricity, magnetism, optics, and modern physics. Includes lecture and laboratory components.
Prerequisite: PHYS 220.

Quantitative study of classical Newtonian mechanics. Includes lecture and laboratory components. 
Prerequisite: MATH 119, MATH 121, MATH 122 or MATH 221.

Introduction to classical electricity and magnetism. Includes lecture and laboratory components.
Prerequisite: PHYS 231; Pre- or corequisite: MATH 122 or MATH 221.

Introduction to the study of the diversity of living organisms and how organisms meet the challenges faced by all living things. Laboratory work emphasizes quantitative data collection and analysis while introducing students to biological diversity and physiological techniques.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131.

Introduction to the study of life including molecules and biological processes, the structure of cells, and molecular and transmission genetics. Laboratory work emphasizes biochemical and genetic techniques, data collection and analysis. 
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 or by permission.

An introduction to ecology, including populations and their environments. The course will provide an introduction to the study of animal behavior and the topic of conservation. Laboratory work will include field trips to biological communities of Southern California and the collection and analysis of quantitative data.
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

This course emphasizes the importance of molecular genetics in contemporary biology. Patterns of inheritance, gene structure and function, and techniques using recombinant DNA technology will be emphasized. Laboratory includes classical genetic analysis as well as molecular and biochemical techniques. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

Introduction to chemistry, including properties, structure, and reactivity of atoms and molecules, with concurrent laboratory. First semester covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure, stoichiometry, aqueous reactions, states of matter, molecular structure and bonding, and thermochemistry. Second semester emphasizes group projects in equilibrium, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, inorganic synthesis, and spectroscopy. Fall: four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Spring: seven hours laboratory and group learning.
Prerequisite: Placement into MATH 118 or higher or prerequisite or corequisite of MATH 002L or MATH 111 higher math course or permission of chemistry department.
Corequisite: CHEM 131L.

Introduction to chemistry, including properties, structure, and reactivity of atoms and molecules, with concurrent laboratory. First semester covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure, stoichiometry, aqueous reactions, states of matter, molecular structure and bonding, and thermochemistry. Second semester emphasizes group projects in equilibrium, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, inorganic synthesis, and spectroscopy. Fall: four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Spring: seven hours laboratory and group learning.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 with a minimum grade of 2.0 or higher or by permission.

Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds; their structure, nomenclature, physical properties, spectroscopy (IR, GC-MS, NMR), stereochemistry, chemical reactivities, mechanisms of reaction, and synthesis. Four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite for CHEM 231: Grade of 2.0 or higher in CHEM 132.

Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds; their structure, nomenclature, physical properties, spectroscopy (IR, GC-MS, NMR), stereochemistry, chemical reactivities, mechanisms of reaction, and synthesis. Four hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite for CHEM 232: CHEM 231.

Introduction to Newtonian mechanics, fluids, and thermodynamics. Includes lecture and laboratory components. Expects competency in high school algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

Quantitative study of classical Newtonian mechanics. Includes lecture and laboratory components. 
Prerequisite: MATH 119, MATH 121, MATH 122 or MATH 221.

Descriptive and inferential statistics for students from diverse fields. Distribution, correlation, probability, hypothesis testing, use of tables, and examination of the misuse of statistics and relation of statistics to vital aspects of life. Computer packages used as tools throughout the course.

Introduction to the use of descriptive and inferential statistics in the collection of data and the interpretation of research in psychology and education. 
Prerequisite: PSYC 100 or by permission.

Principles of hypothesis development and testing, strategies for making controlled comparisons, principles of statistical inference, and tests of statistical significance. Development and testing of important research questions using such prominent data sets as the General Social Survey and the National Election Series.

Recent advances in biology presented in a seminar format by Redlands faculty, seniors, and visiting scholars.
Credit/no credit only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

Introduction to the study of the diversity of living organisms and how organisms meet the challenges faced by all living things. Laboratory work emphasizes quantitative data collection and analysis while introducing students to biological diversity and physiological techniques.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131.

Introduction to the study of life including molecules and biological processes, the structure of cells, and molecular and transmission genetics. Laboratory work emphasizes biochemical and genetic techniques, data collection and analysis. 
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 or by permission.

An introduction to ecology, including populations and their environments. The course will provide an introduction to the study of animal behavior and the topic of conservation. Laboratory work will include field trips to biological communities of Southern California and the collection and analysis of quantitative data.
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

Preparation for Biology 131 for students without strong honors or AP courses in high school. Course includes both a discussion section for general chemistry as well as a preview of the material in principles of biology. 
Corequisite: CHEM 131.

Explanation of current developments in modern molecular biology that affect the lives of non-scientists. Topics such as DNA testing and genetically engineered foods, vaccines, and drugs are discussed. Provides basic information about DNA and an opportunity to perform techniques used in genetic engineering. 
Offered as needed.

Emphasis on overriding concepts in understanding how the brain works and the experience of scientific inquiry. Focus on experimental methods, functional anatomy, and neurologic disorders, highlighting what is known about the nervous system. For non-biology majors only. Credit cannot be received for both BIOL 104 and BIOL 326. 
Offered as needed.

Study of science and technology rising to become major driving forces in modern life. Analysis of implications. Topics include the atomic bomb, the information age, biotechnology, modern scientific medicine, environmentalism, and geographic information systems. Student presentations. Four hours lecture and discussions. 
Offered in alternate years. 

Non-teleological account of life using concepts about genes, protein synthesis, reproduction, sex, and evolution. Three hours lecture. 
Offered as needed. 
Numeric grade only.

Exploration of various concepts selected from evolution, ecology, genetics, physiology, morphology, development, and behavior. Four hours lecture and laboratory.

Biological phenomena observable in natural flora and fauna, including ecology, behavior, life cycles, and evolution. Emphasis on understanding plants and animals observed in nature. Four hours lecture and discussion.

Environmentally oriented issues of current concern as they relate to fundamental generalizations about ecology. Sharpens the layman’s critical powers of observation and analysis and provides tools for intelligent decision making. Three hours lecture and three hours lab.
Offered as needed.

Designed to present a general knowledge of the human body in health and disease. Topics include exercise physiology, nutrition, human heredity and genetic testing, mechanisms of disease, cancer, infectious and emerging illnesses, and gene therapy. The format will include lecture-discussion and laboratory experiments.
Offered as needed.

An introduction to the marine environment. Emphasis will be on the geologic history, inhabitants, and ecology of marine ecosystems. Evolutionary history and adaptations of various groups of marine organisms will be addressed. There also will be several optional field trips to coastal sites. 
Offered as needed. 
Numeric grade only.

Basic concepts in microbiology are explored by studying organisms, both harmful and beneficial, in our surroundings. Viruses, fungi, and bacteria are studied in the laboratory. Students design and implement a long-term research project during the semester. 
Offered as needed. 
Numeric grade only.

The course traces the development of ideas to explain the great diversity of living things, from the ancient Greeks to Charles Darwin and his theory of the evolution by natural selection, advances in evolutionary biology since Darwin, and the explanatory power of evolutionary theory and its impact on society.

Exploration of biological concepts through the topic of food. Topics covered may include nutrition, food science, and traditional and alternative agriculture. Scientific literacy and scientific method are emphasized. Six hours integrated lecture and lab. 
Numeric and Evaluation grade only.
Offered as needed.

Meditation can be a personal or group practice, but it is also a topic of scientific investigation. Students will try a variety of meditative techniques, conduct laboratory experiments to assess the impact of meditation on the brain and body, and read recent scientific articles on meditation and neuroscience.
Numeric and Evaluation grade only.

Introduction to the biology of how the human body functions during and adapts to physical activity. Investigates the structure and function of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the responses of the body to exercise, adaptation to training, metabolism, and nutrition, and the causes and prevention of common injuries. In laboratory, students study functional anatomy and conduct physiology experiments; some labs will involve gym activities. 
Offered as needed. 
Numeric grade only.

Topics in biology of interest to non-majors.

Introduction to the study of the diversity of living organisms and how organisms meet the challenges faced by all living things. Laboratory work emphasizes quantitative data collection and analysis while introducing students to biological diversity and physiological techniques.
Prerequisite: CHEM 131.

Introduction to the study of life including molecules and biological processes, the structure of cells, and molecular and transmission genetics. Laboratory work emphasizes biochemical and genetic techniques, data collection and analysis. 
Prerequisite: CHEM 131 or by permission.

An introduction to ecology, including populations and their environments. The course will provide an introduction to the study of animal behavior and the topic of conservation. Laboratory work will include field trips to biological communities of Southern California and the collection and analysis of quantitative data.
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

This course emphasizes the importance of molecular genetics in contemporary biology. Patterns of inheritance, gene structure and function, and techniques using recombinant DNA technology will be emphasized. Laboratory includes classical genetic analysis as well as molecular and biochemical techniques. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and 201 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133).

An introduction to selected theories, research, applications and technologies, including hardware and software, that flow from an examination of the relations between the structures and functions of digital computers and those of living organisms. Projects, investigation, and student presentations. Six hours lecture/demonstration/applications. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 239. Offered as needed.

Topics of current interest in biology are covered. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239 or by permission. 
Offered as needed.

In-depth study of the structure of the human body through lecture/discussions and laboratory exercises. Laboratories will involve examination of anatomical models and dissection of preserved specimens. Six hours lecture/ laboratory. Offered in alternate years. Students may not earn credit in both BIOL 317 and BIOL 337. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133). 
Numeric grade only.

Travel course to investigate the ecology of coastal waters and how organisms are adapted to diverse habitats. A case study approach will illustrate threats to the local animal species and their environment. Meetings with experts will provide a variety of viewpoints on these complex conservation topics. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 or EVST 100 (or BIOL 133).

Clinical aspects of genetic disease and current issues in medical genetics. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of genetic diseases; rare inheritance patterns (anticipation, imprinting); complex genetics (diabetes, obesity, mental illness, cancer); gene therapy; embryonic stem cells/ cloning; genetic counseling; ethics; and governmental legislation. Intensive writing and reading of primary literature. No laboratory. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Study of cellular/molecular mechanisms, anatomy, circuitry, and functions of the nervous system. Emphasis on clinical neurology and experimental methods. Includes topics such as the senses, movement, language, emotions, consciousness, and learning. The laboratory includes descriptive and hypothesis testing activities. Credit cannot be received for both BIOL 104 and BIOL 326. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239 or PSYC 300. 
Offered as needed.

Analysis of the biotic and abiotic factors controlling the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species. Emphasis on ecological relationships of individuals and populations. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 (or BIOL 133). 
Offered in alternate years.

The physiology, biochemistry, and practical aspects of nutrition along with an examination of current controversial issues. Four-and-a-half hours of lecture. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Humans are the products of three billion years of evolution. Our evolutionary legacy can shed interesting light on many medical problems. The course discusses such topics as the evolution of aging and death, coevolution with our parasites, and medical problems associated with our recent very novel environment. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201.

Comparison at the cellular, organ, and whole animal levels of physiological adaptations exhibited by various invertebrate and vertebrate animals, including humans. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. Students may not earn credit in both BIOL 334 and BIOL 344. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Comprehensive exploration of plants from cellular to organismal level. Topics include anatomy, morphology, fundamentals of physiology, and systematics. Lab work and fieldwork are stressed. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 200 or EVST 100 (or BIOL 131). 
Offered as needed.

Comparative study of vertebrates as whole organisms. Laboratory work is entirely devoted to anatomical structure. Lectures primarily cover morphology and evolution. Six hours laboratory/lecture. Students may not earn credit for both BIOL 317 and BIOL 337.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 238 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133). 
Offered in alternate years.

Structure and function of cells, with emphasis on events outside the nucleus. Study of cytoskeleton, bioenergetics, intracellular communication, control of cell division, and sorting of proteins to appropriate organelles. Laboratory includes fluorescence microscopy, in vitro reconstitution of cellular processes, and subcellular fractionation. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory/discussion.
Prerequisite: BIOL 239. 
Offered in alternate years.

Investigation of the major animal phyla, illuminating the widely different ways in which functioning animals are constructed. Emphasis on protozoans and arthropods. Dissection is involved. Experience in recognizing and culturing invertebrates. Six hours laboratory/lecture.
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133). 
Offered as needed.

Analysis of the ecology, population biology, and behavior that is needed to understand the process of extinction. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 or EVST 100 (or BIOL 131 and BIOL 133). 
Offered as needed.

Provides an opportunity to observe in the emergency room at Loma Linda University Medical Center or Arrowhead County Hospital and to explore some of the issues generated by those observations. May be repeated for degree credit up to 2 credits, with preference given to non-repeating students. 
Credit/no credit only.

Exploration of the analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequence through the use of computer software and high throughput molecular methods. Topics include genome sequencing, the study of gene expression and function, and applications in medicine. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 239.
Offered as needed.

Study of microorganisms: their structure, taxonomy, metabolism, genetics, and interactions with humans. Laboratory includes cell culture, microbe isolation and identification, and bacterial genetics. Six hours lecture/laboratory.
Prerequisite: BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Functioning of the human body at the cellular, systems, and whole animal level. Emphasis on nervous, endocrine, renal, and cardiovascular systems and their interrelationships. Students may not earn credit for both BIOL 334 and BIOL 344. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Study of the physiological, molecular, and cellular basis of host defense. Emphasis will be on the human immune system and its pathogens. Diseases of the immune system, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and AIDS will also be examined. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 239.

Ecology, ecological physiology, and natural history of selected aquatic organisms. Biology of rivers, lakes, and the marine intertidal and subtidal zones. Introduction to physical oceanography, limnology, and potamology. Implications for water pollution control, water resource development, and water-related human activities. Field trips. Two hours lecture and six hours laboratory.  
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239. 
Offered in alternate years.

Descriptive and experimental approach to the development of selected vertebrate and invertebrate animals from fertilization through aging. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory.
Prerequisite: BIOL 239. 
Offered as needed.

Interactions of plants with their environment at population, community, and ecosystem levels. Exploring plant communities in a selected region, considering land use history, discussing regional conservation and restoration challenges, and learning methods of plant ecology fieldwork. Fieldwork-intensive, with observations complementing lecture and discussion. Two hours lecture and four hours fieldwork. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 or EVST 100 (or BIOL 133).

Evolution of social behavior, with an emphasis on the ecological factors that mold species’ social organization. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 238 (or BIOL 133). 
Offered as needed.

Analysis of the status of neo-Darwinism, emphasizing areas of controversy. Essays and problem sets provide training in evolutionary reasoning. Three hours lecture. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 and BIOL 239 (or BIOL 133 and BIOL 239). 
Offered as needed.

Recent research developments in biology. An in-depth analysis of the primary literature and the interconnection of fields commonly divided into separate courses will be emphasized. Topics vary with semester. Examples include human genetics, developmental genetics, and cancer biology. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 238 or BIOL 239. May be repeated for degree credit for maximum of 8 credits with the instructor’s permission. 
Offered as needed.

Recent advances in biology presented in a seminar format by Redlands faculty, seniors, and visiting scholars.
Credit/no credit only.

Genes, proteins, and cellular processes studied through experimental work. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. May be repeated for degree credit for a maximum of 6 credits.
Prerequisite: by permission. 
Offered as needed.

Evolution and/or behavior of selected vertebrates studied through experimental work. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. May be repeated for degree credit. 
Prerequisites: BIOL 239 and by permission.
Offered as needed.

Research in developmental biology of vertebrate embryos using molecular and embryological techniques. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. May be repeated for degree credit for a maximum of 6 credits.
Prerequisite: by permission. 
Offered as needed.

Analysis modeling and simulation of biological systems, with emphasis on use of computers. Applications to actual design and planning projects. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. May be repeated for degree credit. 
Prerequisite: by permission.
Offered as needed.

Physiological analysis of selected vertebrate systems studied through experimental work. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. 
Prerequisite: BIOL 334 or BIOL 344 or by permission. 
Offered as needed.

Selected areas of biology studied through experimental work. Areas selected range from the molecular-cellular level, to plants and animals, to ecology and the environment. One discussion period, three hours laboratory, and additional independent laboratory time expected. May be repeated for degree credit for a maximum of 6 credits. 
Offered as needed. 
Numeric and Evaluation grade only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

In the fall, the course covers B.A. capstone and career development. In the spring, seniors present their capstone projects (B.A.), senior research (B.S.), or honors projects. 
Credit/no credit only.

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